Sottomarino scomparso: come funzionano e quanto costano le visite al Titanic

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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} ROMA (ITALPRESS) - Infezioni Sessualmente Trasmesse - IST al centro dell'attenzione in piena estate: i contagi da Clamidia, Gonorrea, Sifilide sono in preoccupante aumento in Italia, anche a causa della poca informazione.Per l'HIV, a lungo l'infezione a trasmissione sessuale più temuta, oggi sono disponibili i nuovi trattamenti antiretrovirali che permettono di cronicizzare l'infezione, rendendo la qualità e la durata della vita delle persone con l'infezione simile alla popolazione generale, ma restano ancora troppe diagnosi tardive.La PrEP permette anche di effettuare prevenzione, ma restano barriere e limitazioni.Il virus dell'Epatite C, invece, oggi può essere addirittura eradicato definitivamente, in poche settimane e senza effetti collaterali: il problema in questo caso è la necessità di far emergere il sommerso.Per queste infezioni occorre dunque maggiore informazione, che si deve tradurre in prevenzione e screening. Questo anche il messaggio del terzo appuntamento de "La Sanità Che Vorrei..." che si è tenuto al Ministero della Salute, intitolato "Dall'educazione sanitaria alla consapevolezza dei comportamenti: aspetti clinici e sociali".In attesa della pubblicazione del Notiziario ufficiale dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, i primi dati dei sistemi di sorveglianza sentinella delle IST (che raccoglie i dati di una "punta dell'iceberg") coordinati dal Centro Operativo AIDS dell'ISS rilevano significativi incrementi nella diffusione delle IST. "I dati del 2022 mostrano un incremento delle IST soprattutto tra i giovani - sottolinea Barbara Suligoi, Direttore COA dell'ISS - Per la Gonorrea sono stati segnalati al sistema sentinella circa 1200 casi, che rispetto agli 820 del 2021 implicano un aumento del 50%. Per la Sifilide, siamo passati da 580 casi del 2021 a 700, con un aumento quindi del 20%. Questa crescita nei numeri non è solo un effetto della maggiore socializzazione che si è verificata dopo le fasi più acute della pandemia da Covid-19, in quanto si riscontra anche rispetto al 2019, quando i casi di Gonorrea erano stati 610 (quindi rispetto ad allora sono aumentati del 100%), mentre quelli di Sifilide erano 470, incrementati quindi di oltre il 50%. Anche sulla Clamidia il riscontro è analogo: dagli 800 casi del '19, si è giunti nel 2022 a 993, con un aumento del 25%.L'aspetto più rilevante è il coinvolgimento giovanile, in particolare le ragazze under 25: la prevalenza della Clamidia tra le giovani di questa fascia d'età è del 7%, mentre sopra i 40 anni è appena 1%".Le conseguenze delle IST sono numerose. La Sifilide può arrivare a colpire anche il sistema nervoso centrale. La Clamidia può sviluppare malattia infiammatoria pelvica, che a sua volta può comportare problemi di fertilità o complicanze nella gravidanza; l'infezione si può manifestare con uretrite e cervicite, proctite, faringiti. Inoltre, la trasmissione dell'infezione dalla madre al bambino al momento del parto può comportare l'insorgenza di problemi oculari o polmoniti nel neonato. L'infezione da gonococco può portare a gravidanze ectopiche, infertilità, aumento di trasmissibilità di altre IST."I giovani spesso non sanno dove reperire informazioni e dove eseguire i necessari controlli, non si recano regolarmente presso uno specialista come avviene in età adulta con il ginecologo e l'andrologo - evidenzia Barbara Suligoi - Spesso si informano sul web, con fonti approssimative se non fuorvianti. Inoltre, alcuni fanno uso di droghe o di chemsex: considerando queste attività occasionali, non le ritengono, erroneamente, situazioni di rischio". Specialisti di varie discipline si troveranno per affrontare questi temi anche nel X Congresso Nazionale della SIMaST - Società Interdisciplinare per lo studio delle Malattie Sessualmente Trasmissibili, che si terrà a Roma, il 17-18 ottobre.La terapia antiretrovirale permette alle persone con HIV di avere una sopravvivenza e una qualità di vita simile alla popolazione generale. Se la terapia è assunta regolarmente, la viremia si può azzerare fino a rendere il virus non trasmissibile. I nuovi farmaci a lunga durata, i cosiddetti long acting, rappresentano il traguardo più recente raggiunto dalla ricerca, con ulteriori prospettive di sviluppo. Tuttavia, l'infezione è ancora presente e minacciosa, come dimostrano le diagnosi tardive che emergono ogni anno, con pazienti talvolta già in AIDS.L'HIV si può anche prevenire con la Profilassi Pre-Esposizione (PrEP). La PrEP orale, la sola attualmente disponibile, si può assumere in modalità continuativa, con una pillola al giorno, oppure on demand, al bisogno, in associazione a un possibile episodio a rischio di acquisizione di HIV per via sessuale. La rimborsabilità decretata da AIFA nel 2023 ha rappresentato un passo avanti importante, ma non sufficiente. Oltre a nuove strategie di messa in atto e al superamento degli ostacoli burocratici, la comunità scientifica e la Community dei pazienti si sono espressi in favore dell'approvazione da parte di AIFA della Long Acting PrEP, che permetterebbe una copertura preventiva nei confronti dell'HIV per due mesi. La Long Acting PrEP ha già ricevuto il via libera dall'EMA; diverse ricerche italiane, inoltre, ne hanno confermato le potenzialità, tra cui il superamento di rischi legati all'aderenza e allo stigma.I dati e i recenti studi su IST e HIV sono stati al centro della 16° edizione di ICAR - Italian Conference on AIDS and Antiviral Research, che si è svolta a Roma presso l'Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, sotto l'egida della SIMIT, Società Italiana di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, con oltre mille tra clinici, ricercatori, infermieri, operatori nel sociale, volontari delle associazioni pazienti e del mondo della Community. I presidenti di questa edizione sono stati la Prof.ssa Antonella Cingolani di Roma, il Prof. Antonio Di Biagio di Genova, Massimo Farinella del Circolo Mario Mieli e Giulia Carla Marchetti di Milano.L'impegno di SIMIT nella prevenzione e nell'informazione sull'HIV e sulle altre IST non si rivolge solo all'esterno, ma guarda anche alle future generazioni di infettivologi. Proprio a giugno, infatti, è partita la seconda edizione del progetto di formazione "SIMIT Next Generation Masterclass in HIV", con trenta specializzandi provenienti da tutta Italia impegnati in un percorso che li porterà ad acquisire maggiore consapevolezza sulle nuove sfide poste da questo virus. "È fondamentale approfondire questo tema, visto che oggi in Italia vivono circa 134mila persone con HIV - sottolinea la Prof.ssa Cristina Mussini, Vicepresidente SIMIT - Si tratta di una patologia ormai cronica che bisogna imparare a trattare insieme alle comorbosità e alle complicanze che si possono verificare".-foto ufficio stampa Studio Diessecom - (ITALPRESS).mgg/com16-Lug-24 17:50. di Italpress   16-07-2024 - 17:51 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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