Sudafrica, sparatoria a Soweto: 14 morti

Pasadena, un camion si schianta e precipita da un cavalcaviaSicurezza sul lavoro. La “patente a punti” e l’attestato di “buona condotta”: tra il dire e il fare… di Italia Libera   13-03-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato #iubenda-cs-banner .iub_ts_bc:not(.iubenda-custom-content) *,trading a breve termine#iubenda-cs-banner [class*=" iub"],#iubenda-cs-banner [class^=iub],.iubenda-tp-btn:not([data-tp-nostyle]){ 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} La strage di operai nel cantiere della Esselunga a Firenze ha fatto muovere qualche passo anche sul piano normativo per contrastare gli incidenti nei luoghi di lavoro. Dal 1° ottobre di quest’anno, imprese e lavoratori autonomi operanti nei cantieri temporanei o mobili devono essere in possesso di un’apposita patente a punti rilasciata dall’Ispettorato nazionale del lavoro. Ma perché solo per il settore dei cantieri temporanei o mobili? Non è pericoloso anche il settore degli appalti intra-aziendali e la catena dei subappalti? Per gli attestati di buona condotta serviranno “accertamenti ispettivi”, dicono le nuove norme. Ma quando saranno potenziati gli organici dell’Ispettorato del lavoro per farli? Fra i massimi esperti nazionali nel campo della sicurezza sul lavoro, l’ex magistrato Raffaele Guariniello in questo articolo critica gli errori delle norme ed anche gli errori della critica alle norme fatti finora ◆ L’analisi di RAFFAELE GUARINIELLO, giurista► Il Decreto-Legge 2 marzo 2024 n. 19, contenente disposizioni urgenti per l’attuazione del Pnrr, è stato appena emesso, e già sono sottoposte a più di una stroncatura quelle norme che dichiarano l’intento di rafforzare la tutela della salute e sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro. Indubbio che si tratti di norme meritevoli di critiche, ma altrettanto indubbio ci sembra che siano carenti alcune delle critiche mosse. Non sorprende dopo i drammatici infortuni accaduti ultimamente che gli estensori del Decreto Legge si dimostrino preoccupati per la sicurezza nell’universo dei cantieri. E infatti, dal 1° ottobre 2024, il committente avrà l’obbligo di verificare che le imprese esecutrici e i lavoratori autonomi operanti nei cantieri possiedano un’apposita patente a punti rilasciata dall’Ispettorato Nazionale del Lavoro a determinate condizioni. Già alcune di queste condizioni meriterebbero di essere riscritte. A partire da quella consistente nel “possesso del Documento di Valutazione”: una formulazione palesemente incongrua, dal momento che non risulta in grado di ricomprendere le ipotesi in cui questo fondamentale documento — indelegabilmente elaborato dal datore di lavoro in persona —, pur formalmente non mancante e dunque posseduto, sia per le più diverse ragioni incompleto, insufficiente, inadeguato, generico, non veritiero. A ben vedere, sono proprio queste le ipotesi che abitualmente emergono nella prassi come causa d’infortuni. Purtroppo, però, dobbiamo muovere agli autori del Decreto Legge così come ai suoi critici un rilievo ben più di fondo. Tutti si sono resi conto che il dramma oggi al centro dell’attenzione nel mondo della sicurezza riguarda appalti, subappalti, cantieri. E allora domando: se davvero si considera un toccasana la patente a punti, perché è stata prevista solo per il settore dei cantieri temporanei o mobili disciplinato dal Titolo IV Capo I del Tusl (Testo unico sulla sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro)? Forse perché sfugge che un settore altrettanto pericoloso è quello degli appalti intra-aziendali di cui all’articolo 26 del Tusl?  Eppure, questo articolo riguarda l’ipotesi in cui il datore di lavoro committente affidi lavori, servizi e forniture all’impresa appaltatrice o a lavoratori autonomi all’interno della propria azienda. In questa ipotesi, il datore di lavoro committente ha obblighi ben precisi: a) verifica dell’idoneità tecnico-professionale delle imprese appaltatrici o dei lavoratori autonomi; b) dettagliate informazioni a questi soggetti sui rischi specifici esistenti nell’ambiente in cui sono destinati ad operare e sulle misure di prevenzione e di emergenza adottate in relazione alla propria attività; c) cooperazione e coordinamento con gli altri datori di lavoro, ivi compresi i subappaltatori; d) elaborazione del Documento Unico di Valutazione dei Rischi Interferenziali (cosidetto Duvri), contenente le misure adottate per eliminare o, ove ciò non è possibile, ridurre al minimo i rischi da interferenze. Obblighi, dunque, del datore di lavoro committente che si aggiungono agli obblighi di sicurezza che permangono integralmente a carico del datore di lavoro appaltatore (o subappaltatore) che pur distacca propri lavoratori presso l’azienda committente. E si badi che, sulla scorta di un’interpretazione adottata dalla Corte di Cassazione sin dal 2015, ai fini dell’operatività di questi  obblighi di coordinamento e cooperazione connessi all’esistenza di un rischio interferenziale, occorre aver riguardo non alla qualificazione civilistica attribuita al rapporto tra le imprese che cooperano tra loro — contratto d’appalto, d’opera o di somministrazione — ma all’effetto che tale rapporto origina, vale a dire alla concreta interferenza tra le organizzazioni che operano sul medesimo luogo di lavoro e che può essere fonte di ulteriori rischi per l’incolumità dei lavoratori delle imprese coinvolte. Con il risultato — palesemente sfuggito ad autori e critici del Decreto Legge — di contemplare già oggi la responsabilità di committente, appaltatore, subappaltatore, per molteplici e gravi infortuni determinati dall’interferenza tra più imprese.Ulteriore novità introdotta dal Decreto Legge (art. 29, comma 7): «all’esito di accertamenti ispettivi in materia di lavoro e di legislazione sociale, ivi compresa la tutela della salute e della sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro, in caso non emergano violazioni o irregolarità, l’Ispettorato nazionale del lavoro rilascia un attestato» grazie al quale (comma 8) «i datori di lavoro, cui è stato rilasciato l’attestato di cui al comma 7, non sono sottoposti, per un periodo di dodici mesi dalla data di iscrizione, ad ulteriori verifiche da parte dell’Ispettorato nazionale del lavoro nelle materie oggetto degli accertamenti, fatte salve le verifiche in materia di salute e sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro, le eventuali richieste di intervento, nonché le attività di indagine disposte dalla Procura della Repubblica». Se ne desume, dunque, che l’attestato “di buona condotta” scaturisce anche da «accertamenti ispettivi in materia di tutela della salute e sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro», ma non esime dalle «verifiche in materia di salute e sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro».Naturalmente, rimango in attesa di un effettivo potenziamento degli organici e della professionalità dell’Ispettorato Nazionale del Lavoro (ma le Asl restano così come sono?). E aspetto di sapere se e come si provvederà ad ovviare finalmente alla crisi della giustizia penale in tema di sicurezza sul lavoro autorevolmente ammessa lo scorso 21 febbraio 2024 al Senato. Dove si è posto in luce quel che da tempo stiamo segnalando: «la frammentazione di competenze nelle procure più piccole può confliggere con il principio di specializzazione, che invece dovrebbe essere tipico di ogni ufficio inquirente, proprio perché si tratta di materie che presuppongono una particolare preparazione da parte dei singoli magistrati». Possiamo sperare nella futura conversione in Legge? © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA di Italia Libera   13-03-2024 - 06:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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