I consigli dell’Unione Europea per risparmiare sul caro bollette

Pensione anticipata con totalizzazione dei contributi: cos'è e chi può richiederlaProdigiosi record e inesorabili cadute. Gunkanjima e Nauru: due isole,MACD due storie. 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background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font-family: sans-serif; content: 'Loading...'; display: flex !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; justify-content: center; min-height: 50px; text-transform: uppercase;}#speakup-player:empty{ display: block;} L’isola giapponese nel Mar della Cina Orientale ebbe il privilegio di stabilire un record subito dopo la seconda guerra mondiale grazie al carbone: la più alta densità di popolazione al mondo con ben 3.450 abitanti per chilometro quadrato. La “Pleasant Island” del Pacifico (a sud delle Isole Marhall, a Nord delle Isole Salomone), ventuno chilometri quadrati di paradiso, rimase tale fino a quando non si scoprì il fosfato. Nel 1968 l’isola ottenne dall’Onu il riconoscimento di indipendenza, diventando la più piccola repubblica al mondo. Ed anche la più ricca: gli abitanti, circa 12.000, da sudditi divennero proprietari di tutta l’estrazione e il traffico del fosfato, facendo lavorare manodopera immigrata. Ma le risorse finiscono, come tutto nella vita e nel mondo, a maggior ragione su una minuscola isola. Forse una parabola della nostra piccola Biglia blu nell’immenso Universo ◆ Il racconto di FABIO BALOCCO► Quasi sempre quando scrivo è perché voglio sviluppare una mia tesi, voglio affermare una certa verità, per lo meno verità ai miei occhi, s’intende. Questa volta no, questa volta mi voglio limitare a raccontare la storia di due isole, due isole situate molto lontano da noi. Quando si pensa a isole sperdute si è portati a pensare a mari cristallini, spiagge di sabbia fine, alberi di cocco o mangrovie. Beh, queste storie sono un po’ diverse. Siamo nel Mar della Cina Orientale, ma vicino alla costa del Giappone, distretto di Nagasaki. Dalle acque si erge una specie di grande nave militare: è l’isola di Gunkanjima. Essa misura appena 480 metri di lunghezza e poco meno di 150 di larghezza. L’isola rimase disabitata fino alla seconda metà del 1800, quando si scoprì che nelle sue viscere c’era quello che allora era una vera ricchezza, il motore dell’industria: il carbone. Fu così che la Mitsubishi nel 1890 la acquistò e cominciò l’estrazione della preziosa risorsa. Ma, per facilitare l’operazione, era conveniente stabilire sull’isola una sede industriale stabile e fu così che l’isola venne interamente edificata e urbanizzata in funzione del suo sfruttamento.  Dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, Gunkanjima ebbe il privilegio di stabilire un record: la più alta densità di popolazione al mondo con ben 3.450 abitanti per chilometro quadrato. A tanta popolazione corrispondevano ben 60.000 m² di edifici abitabili, un ospedale, una scuola, templi, circa 25 negozi, bar, un cinema, una palestra, un campo da baseball e anche un bordello. Tra gli edifici residenziali vi era anche il primo condominio in cemento armato costruito in Giappone. Oltre agli edifici, il sito minerario, con diverse gallerie fin sotto il fondale marino. Il tunnel sotterraneo più profondo si estendeva per più di 1 km in profondità. Gli abitanti erano divisi per caste. Minatori non sposati nei monolocali, minatori sposati e con famiglia, nei bilocali con bagno e cucina in comune. Personale amministrativo e insegnanti potevano godere del privilegio di avere un bagno privato, mentre solo a colui che dirigeva la miniera spettava il diritto ad una casa indipendente. Ma la sua “fortuna” non era destinata a durare a lungo, e, ad iniziare dagli anni Sessanta, la domanda di carbone diminuì e nel 1973 l’estrazione cessò del tutto perché non più conveniente. Il 15 gennaio del 1974 la miniera venne ufficialmente chiusa con una cerimonia aziendale presso la palestra locale e nell’arco di soli quattro mesi Gunkanjima assistette al suo rapidissimo spopolamento; l’ultimo lavoratore lasciò l’isola il 20 aprile dello stesso anno. Da località con la più alta densità di popolazione al mondo, Gunkanjima si spopolò. Gli edifici iniziarono a cadere, la vegetazione si appropriò a poco a poco dei manufatti: oggi è un misto di verde e di grigio. Bellissimo il breve documento filmato che la ritrae [clicca qui per vederlo].Ci spostiamo più a sud e più ad est. Siamo in Micronesia, in pieno Oceano Pacifico, Isola di Nauru. Nauru fino all’inizio del 1900 aderiva appieno agli standard che noi occidentali ci immaginiamo consoni a un’isola del Pacifico: mare cristallino e vegetazione lussureggiante, tanto da essere definita “Pleasant Island”. Ventun chilometri quadrati di paradiso. Che tale rimase fino a quando non si scoprì l’esistenza su tutto il territorio del fosfato, cioè agli inizi del 1900. I coloni occupanti (prima britannici e poi australiani) ebbero allora la bella pensata di radere al suolo la foresta, e di creare sull’isola una vera e propria miniera a cielo aperto, con pontili e nastri trasportatori intorno, sulla barriera corallina, su cui venivano altresì scaricati i materiali di rifiuto. L’opera continuò anche quando nel 1968 l’isola ottenne dall’Onu il riconoscimento di indipendenza, diventando la più piccola repubblica al mondo. Ed anche la più ricca: gli abitanti, circa 12.000, da sudditi divennero proprietari di tutta l’estrazione e il traffico del fosfato, tra l’altro non operando loro stessi, ma facendo lavorare manodopera immigrata. Quindi, anche Nauru ottenne il suo bel record. Ma le risorse finiscono, come tutto nella vita e nel mondo, a maggior ragione su una minuscola isola. Agli inizi del nuovo millennio a Nauru c’era poco da festeggiare: il fosfato era terminato. Oggi il 90% dei nauruani è disoccupato, l’80% soffre di obesità e il diabete di tipo II, prima causa di mortalità, affligge il 40% della popolazione. Una popolazione che vive in quella minima porzione di isola dove non si estrasse il fosfato, in una fascia di costa di 100-150 metri dal mare. In più, l’isola è piatta ed è seriamente minacciata dall’innalzamento globale del livello del mare, come la già famosa Tuvalu, non molto distante da Nauru, e come tanti altri atolli oceanici. Guardandola dall’alto oggi Nauru assomiglia a una terra dilaniata dalla bomba H, quella che distrusse Nagasaki, al cui largo giace Gunkanjima. Gunkanjima e Nauru. Due isole, due storie. Un po’ diverse. Due storie un po’ così. © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA di Italia Libera   21-01-2024 - 07:57 Link copiato Commenti Leggi la Netiquette

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